| LPBF / SLM | 15–45, 15–53, or 20–63 µm | Ti, stainless, tool steel, Ni superalloy, Al, Cu, and CoCr | Machine, layer thickness, laser wavelength, spreadability, oxygen/moisture, and reuse policy. |
| EBM | 45–105 or 53–150 µm | Titanium and selected CoCr routes | Machine generation, preheat behavior, charge control, PSD method, and reused-powder plan. |
| DED / laser cladding | 20–53, 38–75, 38–105, 53–105, or 53–150 µm | Ni-, Fe-, and Co-base overlay, repair, and additive grades | Feeder, deposition head, dilution, target hardness, substrate, corrosion/wear environment, and finishing. |
| HIP / powder metallurgy | Quote-defined; coarse fractions are evaluated against filling and consolidation requirements | FGH-series superalloys plus selected Ti and Ni alloys | Can size, fill density, cleanliness, degassing, HIP cycle, inspection, and part-level qualification. |
| MIM | Fine powder including 0–20 µm routes, or qualified feedstock | 316L, 17-4PH, 420, 440C, Ti6Al4V, TA15, and F75-type CoCr | Powder or feedstock basis, binder, melt-flow index, shrinkage, debinding, sintering, and final chemistry. |
| Thermal spray | 15–45, 45–90, or 45–105 µm | MCrAlY, C276, IN625, IN718, YSZ, CrC-NiCr, and WC-Co | APS, VPS, or HVOF route; substrate, coating architecture, porosity, adhesion, oxide, and finish. |